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Basic 4 · English Language

Moral Values in Sketches, Skimming, Conjunctions, Family Information and Sentences

In this topic you will identify moral values in sketches, skim texts for main ideas, use conjunctions, write about family and construct correct sentences.

By the end of these notes you should be able to:

  • Identify moral values in sketches
  • Skim texts for main ideas
  • Use conjunctions correctly
  • Construct simple sentences correctly

What you already know

  • Persuasion and subjects and verbs

Copy everything that has a blue line on its left into your notebook. The other parts are for reading.

Lesson 1

Strand
Oral Language
Sub-strand
Dramatization and Role Play
Indicator
B4.1.5.2.1 – Identify moral values in sketches and relate them to real life situations

Introduction

Short sketches (plays) often teach moral lessons.

Moral Values in Sketches

Sketch: Kofi finds a phone in the classroom. His friend says, "Keep it!" Kofi says, "No, it belongs to someone." He gives it to the teacher. The owner thanks him.

Discussion
QuestionAnswer
What did Kofi find?a phone
What did his friend suggest?to keep it
What value did Kofi show?honesty
How does this relate to real life?we should return lost items
A boy handing a found phone to his teacher
Figure 1: Kofi is honest Draw a scene that shows honesty.Illustration: Sirbus

New words

moral value
A good principle for behaviour.
honesty
Telling the truth and not stealing.
sketch
A short play.

Summary

  • Sketches teach moral values.
  • Kofi showed honesty.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. Which value did Kofi show?

    • A. Honesty
    • B. Greed
    • C. Laziness
    • D. Pride
    Show answer
    Answer: HonestyHe returned the phone.

  2. 2. Kofi kept the phone.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: FalseHe gave it to the teacher.

  3. 3. A short play is a ______.

    Show answer
    Answer: sketchThat is a sketch.

  4. 4. How can you show honesty at school?

    Show answer
    Answer: E.g. return lost items, tell the truth.Real-life application.

Lesson 2

Strand
Reading
Sub-strand
Comprehension
Indicator
B4.2.7.1.3 – Skim for main ideas in texts

Introduction

Skimming means reading quickly to get the main idea.

Skimming

How to skim

  • Read the title.
  • Read the first and last sentences of each paragraph.
  • Look at key words and pictures.

Passage: "Malaria is a disease spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It causes fever, headaches and body pains. People can prevent malaria by sleeping under treated nets, clearing stagnant water and seeking early treatment at a clinic."

Main idea: Malaria is spread by mosquitoes and can be prevented.

A family sleeping under a treated net and a child clearing stagnant water
Figure 2: Preventing malaria Draw one way to prevent malaria.Illustration: Sirbus

New words

skim
To read quickly for the main idea.
main idea
What a passage is mostly about.
key word
An important word.

Summary

  • Skim by reading titles, first and last sentences and key words.
  • Skimming finds the main idea quickly.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. Reading quickly for the main idea is…

    • A. Skimming
    • B. Copying
    • C. Spelling
    • D. Writing
    Show answer
    Answer: SkimmingThat is skimming.

  2. 2. Malaria is spread by mosquitoes.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: TrueFrom the passage.

  3. 3. An important word is a ______ word.

    Show answer
    Answer: keyThat is a key word.

  4. 4. State the main idea of the passage.

    Show answer
    Answer: Malaria is spread by mosquitoes and can be prevented.The key point.

Lesson 3

Strand
Grammar
Sub-strand
Conjunctions
Indicator
B4.3.8.1.1 – Identify and use simple conjunctions

Introduction

Let us practise choosing the right conjunction.

Choosing Conjunctions

Fill the gap
SentenceConjunction
I am tired ___ I will finish my work.but
She studied hard, ___ she passed.so
We can walk ___ take a taxi.or
He laughed ___ the joke was funny.because

New words

choose
To pick.
contrast
Difference.
choice
An option.

Summary

  • Choose conjunctions by meaning.
  • But (contrast), so (result), or (choice), because (reason).

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. We can walk ___ take a taxi.

    • A. or
    • B. but
    • C. so
    • D. because
    Show answer
    Answer: orIt gives a choice.

  2. 2. "So" shows a result.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: TrueShe passed as a result.

  3. 3. He laughed ______ the joke was funny.

    Show answer
    Answer: becauseIt gives a reason.

  4. 4. Write a sentence using "but".

    Show answer
    Answer: E.g. The road is bumpy but short.Contrast.

Lesson 4

Strand
Composition Writing
Sub-strand
Informative Writing
Indicator
B4.4.14.1.1 – Write words giving information about family

Introduction

Informative writing gives facts. Let us write about our family members.

Information About Family

Family information chart
MemberAgeOccupationHobby
Father45mechaniclistening to radio
Mother40tradersinging
Brother12pupilfootball

Example: "My father is a 45-year-old mechanic who enjoys listening to the radio."

New words

informative
Giving facts.
hobby
Something you enjoy doing in free time.
chart
Information arranged in rows and columns.

Summary

  • Informative writing gives facts.
  • A chart helps organise information.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. What is the father's occupation?

    • A. Mechanic
    • B. Trader
    • C. Pupil
    • D. Teacher
    Show answer
    Answer: MechanicFrom the chart.

  2. 2. A hobby is done in free time.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: TrueThat is a hobby.

  3. 3. Giving facts means ______.

    Show answer
    Answer: informativeThat is informative.

  4. 4. Write one sentence about a family member using the chart.

    Show answer
    Answer: E.g. My mother is a 40-year-old trader who loves singing.Use facts.

Lesson 5

Strand
Writing Conventions/ Extensive Reading
Sub-strand
Using Simple and Complex Sentences, Building the Love and Culture of Reading
Indicator
B4.5.9.1.1 – Construct simple sentences correctly

Introduction

A correct simple sentence starts with a capital letter, has a subject and verb, and ends with a punctuation mark.

Constructing Simple Sentences

Check your sentence
CheckExample
capital letter at the startThe
subjectThe fisherman
verbcaught
end punctuation.

Reading passage: "The fisherman caught many fish. His wife smoked them. They sold the fish at the market. Their children went to school with the money."

New words

construct
To build.
complete
Having all its parts.
punctuation
Marks like . ? !

Summary

  • A simple sentence has a subject and a verb.
  • It begins with a capital letter and ends with punctuation.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. Which is a correct simple sentence?

    • A. The fisherman caught fish.
    • B. the fisherman caught fish
    • C. Caught fish.
    • D. Fisherman the.
    Show answer
    Answer: The fisherman caught fish.It is complete.

  2. 2. A sentence ends with punctuation.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: TrueLike a full stop.

  3. 3. His wife ______ the fish.

    Show answer
    Answer: smokedVerb from the passage.

  4. 4. Correct: "they sold the fish at the market"

    Show answer
    Answer: They sold the fish at the market.Capital and full stop.

Homework

  1. Make a family information chart and write a paragraph from it.