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Basic 2 · English Language

Rhymes, Blending, Spacing and Starting Sentences

In this topic you will explain rhymes, blend syllables, copy words with correct spacing and begin sentences with capital letters.

By the end of these notes you should be able to:

  • Explain rhymes and tongue-twisters in your own words
  • Blend syllables into words
  • Copy upper- and lower-case words with spacing
  • Begin every sentence with a capital letter

What you already know

  • Songs and capitals

Copy everything that has a blue line on its left into your notebook. The other parts are for reading.

Lesson 1

Strand
Oral Language
Sub-strand
Rhymes
Indicator
B2.1.2.1.1 – Interpret rhymes and tongue-twisters in own words

Introduction

Tongue-twisters are fun and hard to say quickly. Let us say them and explain them.

Rhymes and Tongue-Twisters

Tongue-twister: "She sells sea shells by the sea shore."

Meaning: A woman sells shells that she finds by the sea.

Rhyme: "Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water."

Meaning: Two children climbed a hill to get water.

A woman selling shells on a beach
Figure 1: She sells sea shells Draw the shell seller.Illustration: Sirbus

New words

tongue-twister
A sentence that is hard to say quickly.
explain
To make something clear.
own words
Your way of saying it.

Summary

  • We can explain rhymes in our own words.
  • Tongue-twisters help us speak clearly.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. What did Jack and Jill fetch?

    • A. Water
    • B. Milk
    • C. Bread
    • D. Shells
    Show answer
    Answer: WaterThey fetched a pail of water.

  2. 2. Tongue-twisters are hard to say quickly.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: TrueThat is what makes them fun.

  3. 3. She sells sea ______ by the sea shore.

    Show answer
    Answer: shellsThat is the tongue-twister.

  4. 4. Explain "She sells sea shells by the sea shore" in your own words.

    Show answer
    Answer: A woman sells shells by the beach.Use your own words.

Lesson 2

Strand
Reading
Sub-strand
Phonics
Indicator
B2.2.2.1.1 – Blend syllables to produce words

Introduction

Let us blend longer words.

More Blending

Blending syllables
SyllablesWord
mar + ketmarket
teach + erteacher
to + ma + totomato
el + e + phantelephant

New words

blend
To join sounds or syllables.
clap
To hit your hands together.
longer
Having more parts.

Summary

  • Longer words have more syllables.
  • Clap each syllable, then blend.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. mar + ket makes…

    • A. market
    • B. marker
    • C. mark
    • D. kettle
    Show answer
    Answer: marketTwo syllables make market.

  2. 2. "Tomato" has three syllables.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: Trueto-ma-to.

  3. 3. teach + er = ______

    Show answer
    Answer: teacherBlend them.

  4. 4. Clap and write the syllables in "elephant".

    Show answer
    Answer: el-e-phant (3)Three claps.

Lesson 3

Strand
Writing
Sub-strand
Writing Letters – Small and Capital
Indicator
B2.4.3.1.1 – Copy words in lower and upper case using correct spacing

Introduction

Words can be written in small letters (lower case) or capital letters (upper case).

Upper and Lower Case with Spacing

The same word
Lower caseUpper case
ghanaGHANA
schoolSCHOOL
marketMARKET

Leave equal spaces between words. Do not squeeze letters together.

The words ghana and GHANA written on lines with spacing
Figure 2: Lower case and upper case Copy three words in lower and upper case.Illustration: Sirbus

New words

lower case
Small letters.
upper case
Capital letters.
spacing
The gaps between letters and words.

Summary

  • Lower case means small letters; upper case means capitals.
  • Leave equal spaces between words.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. "SCHOOL" is written in…

    • A. Upper case
    • B. Lower case
    • C. Joined writing
    • D. Numbers
    Show answer
    Answer: Upper caseAll capitals.

  2. 2. "market" is in lower case.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: TrueAll small letters.

  3. 3. Small letters are called ______ case.

    Show answer
    Answer: lowerThat is lower case.

  4. 4. Write "goat" in upper case.

    Show answer
    Answer: GOATAll capitals.

Lesson 4

Strand
Writing Conventions & Grammar Usage
Sub-strand
Using Capitalization
Indicator
B2.5.1.1.2 – Use capital letters to begin the first words of sentences

Introduction

Every sentence begins with a capital letter.

Capitals to Begin Sentences

  • The sun is hot.
  • My father is a farmer.
  • We play ampe.

Common mistake: "my father is a farmer." needs a capital M.

New words

sentence
A group of words that makes sense.
begin
To start.
first word
The word at the start.

Summary

  • The first word of a sentence starts with a capital letter.
  • Sentences end with a full stop.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. Which sentence is correct?

    • A. We play ampe.
    • B. we play ampe.
    • C. We Play Ampe
    • D. we play Ampe.
    Show answer
    Answer: We play ampe.Capital to begin, full stop to end.

  2. 2. Every sentence starts with a capital letter.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: TrueThat is the rule.

  3. 3. ______ sun is hot. (the / The)

    Show answer
    Answer: TheSentences start with capitals.

  4. 4. Write a sentence about your family.

    Show answer
    Answer: E.g. My mother is kind.Capital at the start.

Lesson 5

Strand
Extensive Reading
Sub-strand
Building the Love and Culture of Reading
Indicator
B2.6.1.1.1 – Read a variety of age and level appropriate books and texts from print

Introduction

Today we read about a rainy day.

Reading Time

"It rained all morning. Kwame could not play outside. He read a storybook and drew a picture of a rainbow. In the afternoon, the sun came out and he went to play."

Questions

  • Why could Kwame not play outside? (It was raining.)
  • What did he draw? (a rainbow)

New words

rainbow
A curve of colours in the sky after rain.
outside
Not in the house.
afternoon
The time after midday.

Summary

  • Kwame stayed inside because of the rain.
  • He played outside when the sun came out.

Exercises

Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.

  1. 1. What did Kwame draw?

    • A. A rainbow
    • B. A car
    • C. A goat
    • D. A house
    Show answer
    Answer: A rainbowThe story says a rainbow.

  2. 2. The sun came out in the afternoon.

    • A. True
    • B. False
    Show answer
    Answer: TrueThe story says so.

  3. 3. It rained all ______.

    Show answer
    Answer: morningThe story says morning.

  4. 4. What did Kwame do inside?

    Show answer
    Answer: He read a storybook and drew a picture.The story tells us.

Homework

  1. Say a tongue-twister three times quickly to your family.