Basic 4 · Mathematics · Number Operations
Multiplication Facts up to 12 × 12
In this topic you will learn and use multiplication facts up to 12 × 12.
By the end of these notes you should be able to:
- Recall multiplication facts up to 12 × 12
- Use patterns to remember facts
- Use the order property of multiplication
What you already know
- Multiples
Copy everything that has a blue line on its left into your notebook. The other parts are for reading.
- Strand
- Number
- Sub-strand
- Number Operations
- Indicator
- B4.1.2.1.1 – Determine basic multiplication facts up to 12 × 12
Introduction
A crate holds 12 bottles of soft drink. How many bottles are in 8 crates? Knowing 8 × 12 = 96 gives the answer quickly.
1. The Multiplication Square
The multiplication square shows all facts from 1 × 1 to 12 × 12.
2. Patterns That Help
| Table | Pattern |
|---|---|
| × 2 | double the number |
| × 5 | ends in 0 or 5 |
| × 9 | the digits add to 9 (e.g. 9 × 7 = 63, 6 + 3 = 9) |
| × 10 | add a zero |
| × 11 | for 1–9, repeat the digit (11 × 4 = 44) |
| × 12 | × 10 then add × 2 (12 × 7 = 70 + 14 = 84) |
3. Order Does Not Matter
7 × 8 = 8 × 7 = 56. If you know one fact, you know two.
| Fact | Answer |
|---|---|
| 6 × 7 | 42 |
| 7 × 8 | 56 |
| 8 × 9 | 72 |
| 11 × 12 | 132 |
| 12 × 12 | 144 |
New words
- multiply
- To add equal groups quickly.
- product
- The answer to a multiplication.
- factor
- A number being multiplied.
- multiplication square
- A grid of multiplication facts.
- square number
- A number multiplied by itself, e.g. 9 = 3 × 3.
- recall
- To remember quickly.
Summary
- The multiplication square shows facts up to 12 × 12.
- Patterns like the × 9 digit sum help us remember.
- Changing the order does not change the product.
- 12 × 12 = 144.
Class activity: Times Table Bingo
- Draw a 3 × 3 grid and fill it with products from the multiplication square.
- The teacher calls a fact, like 7 × 6.
- Cross out the answer if you have it. Shout "Bingo!" for a full line.
You need: Bottle tops, Bundles of sticks, Exercise books
Exercises
Answer in your exercise book first, then check your answers.
1. 6 × 8 = ?
- A. 48
- B. 42
- C. 56
- D. 54
Show answer
Answer: 48Six eights are 48.2. 9 × 12 = ?
- A. 108
- B. 98
- C. 118
- D. 96
Show answer
Answer: 1089 × 10 = 90, plus 9 × 2 = 18.3. Which fact has the same product as 4 × 9?
- A. 6 × 6
- B. 5 × 7
- C. 3 × 11
- D. 8 × 4
Show answer
Answer: 6 × 6Both are 36.4. 7 × 5 = 5 × 7
- A. True
- B. False
Show answer
Answer: TrueOrder does not change the product.5. 11 × 11 = 111
- A. True
- B. False
Show answer
Answer: False11 × 11 = 121.6. 12 × 12 = ______
Show answer
Answer: 144Twelve twelves.7. A crate holds 12 eggs. How many eggs are in 9 crates?
Show answer
Answer: 108 eggs12 × 9 = 108.8. Use the × 12 pattern to find 12 × 8. Show your steps.
Show answer
Answer: 12 × 8 = (10 × 8) + (2 × 8) = 80 + 16 = 96Split 12 into 10 and 2.
Homework
- Say the 7, 8 and 9 times tables to a family member.